World Famous Sculptors and Painters

1. Epstein Jacob (1880) an American sculptor
2. Chiberti Lorenvo (1378–1455), Italian
3. Michelangelo (1475–1564), Italian
4. Phidias (fifth century B.C.) Greek
5. Kodin, August (1840–1917), French

ARTIST Fra Angelico
PAINTING The Coronation of the Virgin

World Famous Painters1. Angelico, Fra (1387–1455), Italian.
2. Cezanne, Paul (1839–1906), French.
3. Hogarth, William (1697–1764), English.

Dates and Events Outside India

B.C.
776
First Olympic Games in Greece

58Caesar’s invasion of Gaul

55
Roman Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar

4Birth of Jesus Christ

A.D.
29
Crucifixion of Jesus Christ

43Roman Conquest of Britain


375Invasion of Europe by Huns

570Birth of Prophet Mohammed at Mecca

600
The end of the Roman Empire

622
Beginning of the Hizri Era (Muslim Calendar)

1066
Battle of Hastings; Norman conquest of England

1215Magna Carta signed (June 15th) by King John II at Runnymede in England

1338
Hundred years War broke out between England and France

1348
Black Death Plague in Europe

1492Columbus discovered America

1498

Vasco-de-gama, a Portuguese discovered the sea route to India

1588
Defeat of Spanish Armada

1605
Gun powder plot in England for blowing up the English Parliament

1649
King Charles beheaded—beginning of Commonwealth in England

1660Restoration of British Monarchy

1688Bloodless or Glorious Revolution in England

1689
Establishment of British Constitutional Monarchy

1776
Declaration of American Independence (July 4)

1789French Revolution (Aug. 27)

1805Battle of Trafalgar

1815Battle of Waterloo (June 18th)

Battles and Wars in India

Battle of Panipat

Battles and Wars in India

Battle of Hydaspes—In 326 B.C. when Alexander, the great had to turn back from Hydaspes (Beas) when his troops refused to march into India against the Nanda Empire.

Battle of Kalinga—It was fought in 361 B.C. between Ashoka, the great and the king of Kalinga. The war resulted in considerable loss of life and brought misery and suffering to the people. Its impression on Ashoka was so great that he not only turned a Buddhist, but renounced war and violence.

1st Battle of Tarain (1191 A.D.)—Prithvi Raj defeated Mohd. Gauri.

2nd Battle of Tarain (1192 A.D.)—Mohd. Gauri defeated Prithvi Raj and paved the way for Muslim rule in India.

First Battle of Panipat (1526)—Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi. This laid the foundation of Mughal rule in India.

Second Battle of Panipat (1556)—Akbar defeated Hemu. It ended the Afgan Rule and the way was cleared for Mughal rule.

Battle of Talikota (1565)—The united alliance of Bijapur, Bidar, Ahmednagar and Golkunda under Hussain Nizam Shah defeated Ram Raja of Vijaynagar. It sealed the fate of the Hindu Kingdom of Vijaynagar.

Battle of Haldighati (1576)—Akbar defeated Rana Pratap. The latter had to take refuge in remote fortresses.

Battle of Plassey (1757)—The British under Lord Clive defeated Sirajuddaulah. It laid foundation of the British Rule in India.

Third Battle of Panipat (1761)—Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated the Marahattas. The Marahatta power suffered an irreparable loss.

Battle of Buxer (1764)—The British under Sir Hector Munro defeated the Muslim army under three Mohammadan leaders : Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-daulha and Shah Alam II. The battle made the British Supreme in India.

Battles and Wars Outside India

World War II (1939-45)

Battles and Wars Outside India

Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)—This battle was fought between the Greeks and Persians in 490 B.C. A small Greek Army defeated much larger Persian force.

Battle of Hastings (1066 A.D.)—This war was fought between England and Normans in 1066 A.D. King Harold of England was defeated and England came under the Norman control.

‘Hundred Years’ War (1338-1453)—It was fought between France and England. The war was brought to an end by the sacrifice of Joan of Arc.

War between Henry VII and Richard (1455-85)—It was a civil war fought in 1455-85 between Henry VII and Richard (The Duke of York) both claiming the British throne on Henry VI’s death. Richard was defeated in this war.

Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588)—The British fleet defeated Spanish Armada. The British supremacy over the seas was established. Also, it led to renaissance in English life and literature.

Civil War in England (1642-49)—It was fought between the Parliament and Charles I of England.

War of Spanish Succession (1702)—It was fought between England and France in 1702. The latter were defeated.

Battle of Blenheim (1704)—England and Austria defeated the French and Bavarians.

Seven Years War (1756-63)—England and Prussia defeated Austria, France, Poland and Russia. It was caused by a revolutionary change in the diplomatic pattern.

American War of Independence (1776-83)—It was fought during 1776-1783. In this war, George Washington defeated the English forces and America became independent.

Battle of the Nile (1798)—A naval fight between British and French fleet in 1798. The British fleet commanded by Nelson was victorious.

Battle of Trafalgar (1805)—The British fleet under Nelson defeated the combined line of French and Spanish fleet.

Battle of Waterloo (1815)—The British under Duke of Wellington defeated Napolean. Napolean was captured and exiled to St. Helena where he died in 1821.

Crimean War (1854-56)—It was fought during 1854-56 between Russia and the combined forces of England, France and Turkey.

American Civil War (1861-65)—This was fought during 1861-65 between the Northern and Southern States of America.

Boer War (1889-1901)—This war was fought between British and Dutch forces in 1889-1901 in South Africa.

Sino Japanese War (1894-95)—Japan defeated China and occupied Formosa and Korea.

Russo-Japanese War (1904-05)—Also known as the Battle of the sea of Japan. The Japanese fleet defeated the Russian fleet. It led to the emergence of the wave of Asian resurgence.

World War I (1914-18)—The Allied Powers (Britain, France, U.S.A., Belgium) etc. defeated Germany and her associated powers.

World War II (1939-45)—The Allies (Britain, France, U.S.A. and Russia and Benelux countries etc. defeated the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan).

Battle of El-Alamein (1942)—The Allies Victory during the Second World War and retreat of Field Marshal General Rommel’s forces.

Korean War (1950-53)—It was fought between North and South Korea from 1950 to 1953 A.D.

4th Arab-Israel War (Oct. 1973)—An indecisive war led to Geneva Peace Conference on West Asia (Dec. 1973).

China-Vietnam War (Feb. 1979)—China invaded Vietnam and overran a large chunk of Vietnamese territory. It however, proclaimed ceasefire in the following month and withdrew its forces.

Iran-Iraq War (Oct. 1980-Aug. 1988)

Falkland War (1983)—It was fought between Britain and Argentina.

U.S.-Panama War (1989)—It was fought between United States and Panama.

Gulf War (Jan. 17, 1991-Feb. 26, 1991)—It was fought between multinational forces led by the U.S.A. and Iraq.

Gulf War-2 (March 20, 2003 to April 2003)—The US led coalition forces launched a full scale attack on Iraq on March 20, 2003. It made use of the latest and the fiercest weaponry to subdue the Iraqi forces. Baghdad fell on April 9, 10 and other cities followed suit. By April 20 the coalition armies were in full control of Iraq. It marked the downfall of President Saddam Hussein. The coalition forces however, found it difficult to face the resistance of Iraqi freedom fighters and, therefore, fixed June 30, 2004, as the date for handing over sovereignty to Iraq. However, political authority was transferred by the U.S. led coalition to Interim Iraqi government on June 28, 2004, i.e. two days ahead of the scheduled date. General Elections were held in Iraq on Jan. 30, 2005 to elect an Assembly which would frame a Constitution for Iraq. The elections returned the Shias in majority. This Assembly would complete the Constitution making process by August 15, 2005. This Constitution will be ratified by the people in a referendum by October 2005. The new Government would be elected under this very Constitution. Meanwhile new government was formed in Iraq on April 28, 2005 by the first democratically elected Prime Minister Ibrahim-el-Jaafari. The Parliament also accorded its approval to it the same day.

The Draft constituion prepared under the present arrangements was put to referendum on Oct. 15, 2005. Its enforcement was subject to its ratification by the people in the referendum. The result of the referendum was announced on Oct. 25, 2005. The Iraqi people gave their overwhelming support to the new Constitution in the referendum. A new government was formed in Iraq under this Constitution with Ibrahim al-Jaafari taking over on Feb. 12, 2006 as the Prime Minister. Later, he was replaced by Nuri-al-Maliki. Jalal Talabani was re-elected as President of Iraq. The country is passing through orgies of violence and normalcy seems yet a distant dream.

New Trains Proposed in Rail Budget 2011-12

Duronto Express:
1. Chennai – Thiruvananthapuram AC Exp. (Bi-weekly)
2. Mumbai – Allahabad AC Exp. (Bi-weekly)
3. Chennai – Madurai AC Exp. (Bi-weekly)
4. Mumbai Central – Delhi AC Exp. (Bi-weekly)
5. Ahmedabad – Pune AC Exp. (Bi-weekly)
6. Secunderabad-Visakhapatnam AC Exp. (Tri-weekly)
7. Nizamuddin- Ajmer non-AC Exp. (Bi-weekly)
8. Sealdah-Puri non-AC Exp. (Tri-weekly)
9. Shalimar-Patna AC Exp. (Tri-weekly)

Double Decker AC Trains :
1. Mumbai – Ahemedabad AC Double Decker
2. Delhi – Jaipur AC Double Decker

Shatabdi Express Trains:
1. Jaipur – Agra Shatabdi Express
2. Pune – Secunderabad Shatabdi Express
3. Delhi – Ludhiana Shatabdi Express

Physics - Objectives

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Ch. No.	Name  of  Chapter	No. of Objs.
01	Units  and  Measurement
02	Description  of  Motion  in  One  Dimension	24
03	Description  of  Motion  in  Two  and  Three  Dimensions	30
04	Laws  of  Motion	35
05	Work  Energy  and  Power	36
06	Rotational  Motion	45
07	Gravitation	45
08	Solids  and  Fluids	30
09	Oscillations	63
10	Waves	48
11	Heat  and  Thermodynamics  (including  ideal  gas  and  kinetic  theory  of  gases)	42
12	Transference  of  Heat	35
13	Electrostatics	48
14	Current  Electricity	54
15	Thermal  and  Chemical  Effects  of  Currents	39
16	Magnetic  Effects  of  Currents	41
17	Magnetostatics
18	Electromagnetic  Induction  and  Alternating  Currents	48
19	Ray  Optics	51
20	Wave  Optics	28
21	Electromagnetic  Waves
22	Electron  and  Photons	40
23	Atoms,  Molecules  and  Nuclei	70
24	Solids  and  Semiconductor  Devices	24

Mathematics - Objectives

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Ch. No.	Name  of  Chapter	No. of Objs.
01	Sets, Relations and Functions	40
02	Complex Numbers	44
03	Matrices and Determinants
04	Quadratic Equations	47
05	Permutations and Combinations	40
06	Binomial Theorem and its Applications
07	Sequences and Series	39
08	Differential Calculus	105
09	Integral Calculus	61
10	Differential Equations
11	Two dimensional Geometry	123
12	Three Dimensional Geometry	37
13	Vector Algebra	57
14	Probability	47
15	Trigonometry	78
16	Statics
17	Dynamics
18	Miscellaneous Problems

Physics ( Std. XI ) - Problems

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Ch.   No.	Name  of  Chapter	No.  of  Probs.
01	Physical  World
02	Measurement  and  System  of  Units
03	Motion  in  One  and  Two  Dimensions
04	Laws  of  Motion
05	Work,  Energy  and  Power
06	Dynamics  of  a  System  of  Particles	14
07	Rotational  Motion	27
08	Gravitation	30
09	Mechanics  of  Solids
10	Fluid  Mechanics
11	Kinetic  Theory  of  Gases
12	Thermodynamics
13	Transfer  of  Heat
14	Oscillations	32
15	Waves	23

SOLVED EXAMINATION PAPERS ( XII STANDARD )

SOLVED  EXAMINATION  PAPERS  ( XII  STANDARD )Utmost  care  is  taken  to  ensure  that  the  question  papers  are  free  from  data  errors,  answers  to  the  questions  are  to  the  point  and  solutions  of  problems  are  accurate.  However,  students  are  advised  to  exercise  their  discretion  in  making  use  of  these  notes.  Any  error  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  author  will  be  suitably  corrected  at  the  earliest.

	Mathematics		Physics
01	Mar  2006	Solutions	Jan  2006	Solutions
02	Jul  2006	Solutions	Mar  2006	Solutions
03	Mar  2007	Solutions	Mar  2007	Solutions
04	Jul  2007	Solutions	Jul  2007	Solutions
05	Mar  2008	Solutions	Mar  2008	Solutions
06	Jul  2008	Solutions	Jul  2008	Solutions

Physics ( Std. XII ) - Problems

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Ch. No.	Name  of  Chapter	No.  of  Probs.
01	Electric  Charge  and  Electric  Field
02	Electrostatic  Potential  and  Capacitance
03	Current  Electricity	29
04	Thermal  and  Chemical  Effects  of  Electric  Current	15
05	Magnetic  Effects  of  Electric  Current  and  Magnetism
06	Magnetism  of  Matter
07	Electromagnetic  Induction	13
08	Alternating  Current
09	Electromagnetic  Waves
10	Ray  Optics  and  Optical  Instruments
11	Wave  Optics
12	Dual  Nature  of  Radiation  and  Matter
13	Atoms
14	Nucleus
15	Semiconductor Electronics - Materials, Devices  and   Simple Circuits
16	Communication  Systems

Physics Theory XI

Physics  ( Std.  XI )  - Theory

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Ch.   No.	Name  of  Chapter	No.  of  Pages
01	Physical  World
02	Measurement  and  System  of  Units
03	Motion  in  One  and  Two  Dimensions
04	Laws  of  Motion
05	Work,  Energy  and  Power	12
06	Dynamics  of  a  System  of  Particles	3
07	Rotational  Motion	15
08	Gravitation	6
09	Mechanics  of  Solids
10	Fluid  Mechanics	18
11	Kinetic  Theory  of  Gases	9
12	Thermodynamics	14
13	Transfer  of  Heat
14	Oscillations	10
15	Waves